Analysis of TRG Gene Rearrangement by Southern Blot Technology (CAT#: STEM-MHT-0003-LGZ)

Introduction

Official Full Name: T cell receptor gamma locus
Also known as: TCRG; TRG@
T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens, which are processed into small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one chain and one chain or one chain and one chain. In a single cell, T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements result in a functional chain, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell rearranges the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor gamma locus. The gamma trace consists of V (variable), J (joint) and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the γ chain is synthesized through recombination events at the DNA level, linking the V segment with the J segment; the C segment is subsequently joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with a few J segments provides broad antigen recognition. Additional diversity is junctional diversity obtained by random addition of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Several V segments of the gamma locus are known not to encode proteins and are considered pseudogenes. Somatic rearrangements of the gamma locus were observed in T cells from patients with T-cell leukemia and ataxia telangiectasia.