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Official Full Name: ubiquilin 3<br />Also known as: TUP-1<br />This gene encodes a ubiquitin-like protein (ubiquilin), which is highly similar to related products of yeast, rat and frog. Ubiquitin contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain and a C-terminal ubiquitin-associated domain. They physically associate with the proteasome and ubiquitin ligases and are thus thought to functionally link the ubiquitination machinery to the proteasome, thereby affecting protein degradation in vivo. This gene is specifically expressed in the testis. It has been suggested that this gene may regulate cell cycle progression during spermatogenesis, however, the homologous mouse gene has been shown to be essential in embryonic development and spermatogenesis.