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Anti-idiotype antibodies are antibodies that bind to the variable region of another antibody. Since anti-idiotype antibodies are specific for the variable region, they have become a useful tool in pharmacokinetic and immunogenicity studies. In addition, Anti-idiotypic antibodies regulate both autoantibody binding and their levels by a) neutralizing autoantibodies, and b) inhibiting the secretion of autoantibodies.
"Cognate" refers to a direct, cell-cell interaction between the antigen-specific receptor of the reactive T cell and the graft target cell (depicted as an islet β cell). There are two types of T cell receptor (TCR); alpha beta and gamma delta, both of which are composed of a heterodimer and associated with invariant CD3 complexes on the cell surface.