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Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen and sometimes abbreviated to CTX, Ctx or CT) is an AB5 multimeric protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. CTX is responsible for the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera infection. It is a member of the heat-labile enterotoxin family. Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids composed of a ceramide lipid tail attached through glycosidic linkage to a glycan headgroup containing one or more sialic acid residues. It is widely accepted that gangliosides play a critical role in neuronal function and brain development, affecting such processes as neurotransmission, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, modulating synaptic transmission, cell proliferation, and neuronal differentiation.