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The APOE gene comes in several different forms, or alleles. And the APOE gene allelic variants, ε2 (APOE2), ε3 (APOE3), and ε4 (APOE4), differ at two amino acid residues. The prevalence of the major allele APOE3 ranges from 48% to 94%, while the minor APOE4 allele has a wider range of 3–41% globally.
Amyloid beta peptide is a 42-amino acid peptide and derives from the precursor protein, amyloid beta precursor protein (APP). The amyloid beta precursor protein is a transmembrane glycoprotein that spans the membrane once. The gene for amyloid beta precursor protein is on chromosome. It is a large membrane protein that normally plays an essential role in neural growth and repair. However, later in life, a corrupted form can destroy nerve cells, leading to the loss of thought and memory in Alzheimer's disease.