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Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) is a globular milk glycoprotein of approximately 700 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of about 80 kDa. Its relatively high isoelectric point (pI ≈ 8.5) indicates that it is positively charged over a wide pH range, including neutral pH.
The polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major bioactive catechin in green tea, exhibiting many biological activities, such as antiviral (including that against Zika virus), neuroprotective and Parkinson, and anticancer activities. EGCG also contributes to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and the regulation of endocrine and immune systems. Previous studies reported the beneficial effect of protein-EGCG binding on the polyphenol activities, such as the increase in its antioxidant activity and bioavailability and antitumor efficacy.