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Endotoxins are the main component of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Typically, the term endotoxin is used synonymously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), despite the fact that a few endotoxins are not LPS. The main function of endotoxins in bacteria is structural and protective.
Polymyxin B (PMB) and related family members of cyclic cationic decapeptide antibiotics obtained from Bacillus polymyxa are used for treating severe cases of sepsis. However, the usage of PMB in the prophylaxis of sepsis is limited on account of its toxicity due to the harmful side effects associated with its slow degradation in vivo, attributed to the presence of uncommon d-amino acids, and its unusual covalent structure.