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Neuropeptides are small proteins produced by neurons that act on G protein-coupled receptors and are responsible for slow-onset, long-lasting modulation of synaptic transmission. Neuropeptides often coexist with each other or with other neurotransmitters in single neurons.
Gangliosides, a group of glycosphingolipids having sialic acid as terminal sugar have been shown to function as modulation molecules. Accordingly, they were found to be involved in various phosphorylation processes, ion fluxes, neuroreceptor bindings and metabolic second messenger processes .It has been reported that the gangliosides could exert some modulator effects on neuropeptides (molecules involved in several neuronal processes) or in neuropeptide- related functions.