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Bone is divided into cortical bone and cancellous bone. Cortical bone is hard, dense, and mainly composed of tightly packed bone units (also known as Haverd's system). It is found mainly on the surface of the diaphysis of long bones and other bone types. Cancellous bone is spongy, composed of interwoven bone trabeculae arranged throughout the interior of bone, mainly in the vertebral body, long bone ends and ribs.
Bone is made up of organic and inorganic components. The inorganic component is mainly calcium salt, accounting for about 65% of the shaft weight, and the main component is hydroxyapatite.