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Characterisation of antibody affinity and kinetics is important for the selection of appropriate reagents for immunoassay. For equilibrium measurements antibody affinity determines the detection limit and for a number of antibodies with the same affinity for the antigen (Ag) the association rate constant will determine the speed of the assay. More fundamentally, changes in reaction rates and affinity can be used to probe function or structure in one of the reactants. This is of value when antibodies or antigens are modified, in recombinant protein characterisation and in the development of purification schemes.