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In bread and bakery products, water is present in free and bound forms. The amount of easily removable water in these products cannot be high because of the predominance of biopolymers - proteins and starch, and non-starch polysaccharides. Part of the water can easily penetrate into micro pores in the protein and be retained by a macromolecular matrix; some authors refer to this form of water as physic-mechanically bound. Low energy binding is characteristic of osmotically retained water. Adsorbed water (water of polymolecular and monomolecular layer) and organically bound water is considered as bound water.
Adsorption is accompanied by a thermal effect, and removal of this water requires a large amount of energy. The stronger the bond, the greater the energy required to break it.
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