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Plasmodesmata is a thin channel that penetrates the outer wall of epidermal cells. It extends from the cell cavity to the surface of the cell wall, and is the channel of communication between the inner and outer cells.
Plasmodesmata (PD) have a diameter of around 30-50 nm which is well below the 200 nm limit of optical resolution, making analysis by light microscopy difficult and resolving internal structures of the PD such as the desmotubule impossible. Modern super-resolution methods such as 3D structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) can increase the lateral and axial resolution and work well on fixed, sectioned material.