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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extracellular membrane vesicles (30 -- 200 nm in diameter) that are endogenous released by cells and are present in most biological fluids, including blood, urine, and saliva. Ev-mediated cellular communication is closely associated with normal physiological processes such as inflammation, homeostasis, and coagulation, as well as pathophysiological processes in refractory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atherosclerosis, stroke, and cancer. PHA was chosen as the representative part of the surface modification because it shows extended circulation in the blood and a specific binding affinity for CD44 overexpressed tissues. Due to the high in vivo CD44 targeting and stealth effect of PHA, PHA-EVs can accumulate in CD44-rich tissues through its in vivo active targeting mechanism after systemic administration.