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Analysis of Amino Acids in Blood by Combining Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8-Based Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Electrophoresis (CAT#: STEM-ET-0079-ZJF)

Introduction

Amino acids (AAs) are the basic units of proteins and they are essential for human health. Tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) play important roles in many biochemical processes. The improper metabolism of Trp can produce toxic substances in brain, which may cause hallucinations, delusions and schizophrenia. Phenylketonuria is a disorder of Phe metabolism and can result in mental retardation and organ damage. The disease is clinically characterized by a remarkable increase in the level of free Phe present in blood. Tyr is the precursor of neurotransmitters in mammalian central nervous systems. The absence of Tyr might cause albinism and alkaptonuria. Thus, detecting these AAs in blood is helpful to diagnose the related diseases. This service provides a method for determination of trace amounts of AAs in bovine blood by combining solid phase extraction (SPE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE).




Principle

Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is physical method of analysis which performs in a separation channel of elastic quartz capillary, under the influence of a high voltage direct current field. Charged analytes dissolved in an electrolyte solution are separated based on differences in mobility and/or distribution behavior of components. The migration velocity of an analyte under an electric field is determined by the electrophoretic mobility of the analyte and the electro-osmotic mobility of the buffer inside the capillary. The electrophoretic mobility of a solute depends on the characteristics of the solute (electric charge, molecular size and shape) and those of the buffer in which the migration takes place (type and ionic strength of the electrolyte, pH, viscosity and additives). Capillary electrophoresis provides greater resolution, higher sensitivity and online detection. It enables single-cell analysis and even single-molecule analysis, optimizing separation and analysis of biological macromolecules.

Applications

Biomedical, clinical, pharmaceutical, forensic, industrial, and food analysis

Procedure

1. Preparation: Preheat the capillary electrophoresis apparatus and flush the capillary with no voltage applied. Prepare mixed standard samples and buffer solution.
2. Sample Application: Put the appropriate amount of mixed standard samples in the sample tube at the corresponding position at the inlet of the capillary electrophoresis apparatus, and put the appropriate amount of buffer in the sample tube at the corresponding position of the apparatus.
3. Electrophoresis: Switch on the electrophoresis apparatus and set the voltage and program. Initiate automatic sampling, electrophoresis, and analysis.
4. Determination: Record and analyze the migration of each component. Capillary electrophoresis apparatus can be connected with various detectors to detect the separation. The most widely used is the UV-visible spectrophotometric detector. After the experiment, flush the capillary again.

Materials

• Capillary electrophoresis apparatus
• Sample solution
• Buffer solution

Notes

1. When an electric field is applied through the capillary filled with buffer, a flow of solvent is generated inside the capillary, called electro-osmotic flow (EOF). The reproducibility of CE separation will be seriously affected by small changes in EOF. For some applications, it is important to control EOF by modifying the inner wall of the capillary or by changing the concentration, composition and/or pH of the buffer solution.
2. The definition and automation of the injection process are critical for precise quantitative analysis. Modes of injection include gravity, pressure or vacuum injection and electrokinetic injection.
3. The employed electrolytic solution should be filtered to remove particles and degassed to avoid bubble formation that could interfere with the detection system or interrupt the electrical contact in the capillary during the separation run.
4. A rigorous rinsing procedure should be developed to achieve reproducible migration times of the solutes.