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The complement system is composed of more than 30 kinds of plasma proteins and membrane proteins, widely present in blood, interstitial fluid and cell surface, and is a protein reaction system with precise regulation mechanism. The main physiological function of complement is to promote the phagocytosis of phagocytes and dissolve target cells, so it is an important part of the body's immune defense mechanism.
Complement factor D is a serine protease of the alternative pathway of complement activation. The protein is a single chain polypeptide with a molecular mass of 25 kDa. Factor D cleaves factor B bound to C3b, generating the alternative pathway C3 convertase C3bBb and releasing the Ba fragment.