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CXC ligand 12(CXCL12), also known as stromal cell derived factor 1(SDF-1), is a chemokine protein that activates leukocytes and is usually induced by pro-inflammatory stimulants such as LPS, TNF, or IL-1. CXCL12 showed strong chemotaxis to lymphocytes. During embryogenesis, it promotes hematopoietic cell migration from fetal liver to bone marrow and the formation of large blood vessels. In adults, CXCL12 plays an important role in angiogenesis by recruiting endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in bone marrow through a CXCr4-dependent mechanism. CXCL12 also has an effect on tumor metastasis, and cancer cells expressing the CXCR4 receptor can be attracted to target tissues. However, in breast cancer, elevated CXCL12 expression suggests a reduced risk of distal metastasis.