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Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the immunoglobulin with the largest molecular weight, which is mainly secreted and synthesized by plasma cells in the spleen and lymph nodes, and is divided into two subtypes, IgM1 and IgM2. It is mainly distributed in the serum and exists in the form of pentamer, accounting for 5% to 10% of the total serum Ig. IgM has powerful bactericidal, complement activating, immunomodulatory and agglutination effects, and is also involved in the pathological process of some autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity reactions.