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Mycobacterium malmoense was first isolated from a patient in Malmö in Sweden. Mycobacterium malmoense is usually recovered from sputum or cervical lymph nodes of children or adults with underlying chronic pulmonary disease often with cavitary involvement. Most of the isolates were reported from northern Europe, Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo), and Japan.<br />A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR,or qPCR) is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR(i.e.,in real time), not at its end, as in conventional PCR.<br />Two common methods for the detection of PCR products in real-time PCR are(1)non-specific fluorescent dyes that intercalate with any double-stranded DNA and (2)sequence-specific DNA probes consisting of oligonucleotides that are labelled with a fluorescent reporter, which permits detection only after hybridization of the probe with its complementary sequence.