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Aptamers are single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that bind to protein targets by folding into a three-dimensional conformation, similar to antibodies. An aptamer can conceal a large portion of the target protein and, thereby, blocks the protein's interaction with its substrate or with other molecules. In other words, it functions as an antagonist that eventually leads to inhibition of protein activity.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies play a central role in the allergic response. Higher amounts can be a sign that the body overreacts to allergens, which can lead to an allergic reaction. IgE levels can also be high when the body is fighting an infection from a parasite and from some immune system conditions.