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Bone defect is a difficult problem in orthopedic clinical work. At present, the conventional ways of repairing bone defects are autologous bone grafting and allogeneic bone grafting, but both have certain disadvantages. Autologous bone grafts cause damage to the donor site and bring additional burdens to patients: allogeneic bone grafts have the risk of spreading diseases and have rejection reactions. Moreover, for large-scale bone defects, both of them have the problem of limited source of bone mass. In recent years, the research on various bone tissue replacement materials has been increasing, and the establishment of bone defect models is the basis of these researches.