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Determination of the Elastic Constants and Related Properties of the Energetic Material Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine (RDX) by Brillouin Scattering (CAT#: STEM-ST-0121-YJL)

Introduction

Organic solid-state chemistry explores the chemical reactions and intermolecular interactions of molecular crystals. Starting with the pioneering work of Schmidt and his topochemical postulate, this field has expanded to include crystal engineering and mechanochemistry. Interest has recently been rekindled in the microscopic behavior of a particularly interesting class of solid-state chemical reactions—those that undergo detonation. Detonation can be considered to be a collective property of the material and is highly dependent upon intermolecular interactions, molecular arrangements, and molecular composition. The strength of the interactions between the molecules comprising a molecular crystal has a measurable effect on the macroscopic properties of the solid. Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine RDX is a typical secondary explosive, as is β-HMX, and therefore is a logical choice for the determination of elastic properties, for comparison to those of other energetic materials, and for understanding how those properties relate to detonation.




Principle

From a quantum point of view, Brillouin scattering is an interaction of light photons with acoustic or vibrational quanta (phonons), with magnetic spin waves (magnons), or with other low frequency quasiparticles interacting with light. The interaction consists of an inelastic scattering process in which a phonon or magnon is either created (Stokes process) or annihilated (anti-Stokes process). The energy of the scattered light is slightly changed, that is decreased for a Stokes process and increased for an anti-Stokes process. This shift, known as the Brillouin shift, is equal to the energy of the interacting phonon and magnon and thus Brillouin scattering can be used to measure phonon and magnon energies.

Applications

Brillouin scattering is used to determine acoustic velocities and elastic properties of a number of crystalline solids, glasses, and liquids.

Procedure

1. Sample preparation
2. Measurement by scattering detection instrument
3. Data analysis

Materials

Brillouin scattering measurement system (Brillouin spectrometer)
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