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Determination of Thiram Using Gold Nanoparticles and Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Method (CAT#: STEM-ST-0049-YJL)

Introduction

Thiram (THM) is a type of sulfur fungicides which belongs to the group of N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamate chemical pesticides. THM is a non-systemic fungicide used to prevent crop damage in the field and to protect harvested crops from deterioration in storage or transport. It is also used as a seed protecting agent (e.g. tomato, cucumber, watermelon, cereal grains and other seeds) and to protect turf from fungal diseases. Therefore, it is vital to develop sensitive and effective methods for the detection of THM in environmental samples.
Some of nano-noble metals such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess novel physical and chemical properties, especially the surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) or Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), which resulted as they are widely used in the fields of analytical chemistry and biomedical science as probes and sensors in recent years, exhibit their signals in the visible spectral region under appropriate conditions and give corresponding localized surface plasmon resonance light scattering (LSPR-LS) band of the NPs.




Principle

Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) is similar to Rayleigh scattering in nature. Resonance Rayleigh scattering is a special elastic scattering produced when the wavelength of Rayleigh scattering (RS) is located at or close to its molecular absorption band. The key to generating RRS is: when the scattering is at or close to the absorption band of the scattering molecule, since the electron absorbs the electromagnetic wave at the same frequency as the scattering frequency, the electron strongly absorbs the photon energy due to resonance and re-scatters. Its scattering intensity is several orders of magnitude higher than that of pure Rayleigh scattering, and it no longer obeys the Rayleigh law of I∝λ-4. This absorption-rescattering process is called resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS).

Applications

Resonance Rayleigh scattering is used to the study of aggregation of chromophores on biological macromolecules and the determination of biological macromolecules such as nucleic acid, proteins and heparin, further, it has been used in the determination of trace amounts of inorganic ions and the cationic surfactant by means of ion association reactions with some dyes. In addition, it has been applied to the study of nanoparticles in liquid and the determination of β-cyclodextrin inclusion constant and the critical micelle concentration of surfactant.

Procedure

1. Sample preparation
2. Measurement by scattering detection instrument
3. Data analysis

Materials

Rayleigh scattering measurement system
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