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Gene Sequencing by PCR (CAT#: STEM-MB-0233-WXH)

Introduction

Specific DNA segments defined by the sequence of two oligonucleotides can be enzymatically amplified up to a millionfold using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One of the most significant uses of this technique is for generation of sequencing templates, either from cloned inserts or directly from genomic DNA.<br />Nowadays, the direct sequencing of PCR products has already played a significant role in molecular biology and genomics research. Such sequencing is widely applied to the detection of gene mutation, diagnosis of genetic diseases, and polymorphism research of single nucleotide. Compared with traditional clone sequencing, direct sequencing of PCR products conducts sequencing towards the amplified DNA directly, which eliminates time-consuming cloning procedures and avoids the traditional repetitive operations like extraction of template. In this way, the correct DNA sequence information can be received from a small number of original samples. Direct sequencing of PCR products are equipped with the following advantages: fast, convenient, simple, and stable.




Principle

Sanger chain-terminating dideoxynucleotide sequencing method:
In this approach, an excess of one amplified strand (relative to its complement) is generated by the addition of one primer in vast excess over the other. The resulting excess of single-stranded product is then used as a template for the production of the dideoxy-terminated chains from which the sequence is derived.
based on the Sanger chain-terminating dideoxynucleotide sequencing method,cycle sequencing is another kind of PCR sequencing approach. Like standard PCR, it utilizes a thermostable DNA polymerase and a temperature cycling format of denaturation, annealing, and DNA synthesis. Cycle sequencing, also called the linear amplification process, in contrast with a traditional PCR reaction where the increase is exponential, employs a single primer so that the amount of product DNA increases linearly with the number of cycles in contrast with a traditional PCR reaction where the increase is exponential.

Applications

• Confirm definitively the specificity of amplification.
• Identify genetic variants (polymorphisms, rearrangements, translocations, etc.).
• Identify hitherto uncharacterized genes.
• Map these genes within the organization of the genome.

Procedure

1.PCR with fluorescent, chain-terminating ddNTPs
2.Size separation by capillary gel electrophoresis
3.Laser excitation & decection by sequencing machine