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Humanized mice are mouse models with functional human genes, cells or tissues. Such models are often used as in vivo surrogate models for in vivo studies of human disease. Due to the significant difference between human physiology and animal physiology, experimental results obtained from animal models sometimes cannot be applied to humans. For example, some drugs developed using animal models such as mice have no effect on humans. Therefore, using transgenic or homologous recombination methods to "place" human genes on mouse models to prepare humanized mouse models has greatly improved the effectiveness of such mouse models as simulating certain human diseases.