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Molecular directed evolution simulates the natural selection process to change the amino acid sequence of the original protein in order to obtain a functional mutant protein. The gene mutation library is a combination of DNA variant sequences, which is the product of the combination of gene synthesis, gene mutation and directed evolution research. Gene mutation libraries have been increasingly used in research fields, such as high-throughput drug target screening, directed evolution of protein engineering, and synthetic diverse antibody libraries for screening mutant antibodies with high affinity and specificity. Mutant libraries can be divided into different types according to the mutation position and direction.
Currently, there are five common types of mutant libraries: alanine scanning library, random mutation library, truncation library, site-directed saturation mutation library, and amino acid custom library.