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Stable transfection is the integration of exogenous gene DNA into the host cell chromosome so that the host cell can express the target gene and protein for a long time. It is necessary to screen the target cells on the basis of transient transfection or apply a virus with high transfection efficiency and select the appropriate drugs for cell passages according to the resistance markers contained in different gene vectors to obtain cell lines that can stably express the target gene. Stable expression cell lines compensate for the short time of exogenous gene expression in transient infection (or transfection) experiments and facilitate long-term observation.