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Self-renewal ability and multilineage differentiation ability are the two most basic characteristics of stem cells. Among them, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) belong to adult stem cells, which can be induced to differentiate into fat, bone, cartilage and other connective tissues under different conditions in vitro. When adipogenic differentiation is induced in vitro, the cells will gradually become round from the initial long spindle or polygon until finally forming a typical adipocyte, which can be identified by oil red O staining. The differentiated cells will have obvious fat droplets. After staining, it shows a prominent red color under the microscope, while undifferentiated cells have no obvious color.