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In 2001, Reya et al. put forward the term of tumor stem cells for the first time, and believed that there is a type of cells in malignant tumor tissues that are extremely small in number and retain the characteristics of stem cells. This type of cells is called tumor stem cells, also known as cancer stem cells. Or tumor stem cell-like cells, which have the ability of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation and multi-directional differentiation, are the original cells of tumorigenesis and recurrence.
The theory of cancer stem cells believes that cancer stem cells are the main reason for the failure of malignant tumor treatment. They not only lead to the occurrence of tumors, but also have the characteristics of forming progeny tumor cells with different differentiation phenotypes.