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Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from a somatic cell. The principle is overexpressing four transcription factors in fibroblasts that can make somatic cells return to a state similar to embryonic stem cells. iPS cells have two characteristics of embryonic stem cells: self-renewal ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. The self-renewal ability of iPS cells allows it to be expanded indefinitely, thereby providing unlimited sources of cells; the multi-directional differentiation potential of iPS cells enables it to differentiate into any type of cell in the human body (such as nerve cells, cardiomyocytes, pancreatic cells, liver cells, etc.) , retinal pigment epithelium, red blood platelets and lymphocytes, etc.), can bring an unlimited source of cells to replace those damaged or diseased cells.