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To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme will grab on (bind) to one or more reactant molecules. These molecules are the enzyme's substrates. In some reactions, one substrate is broken down into multiple products. In others, two substrates come together to create one larger molecule or to swap pieces. For example, the sugar found in milk is called lactose. With the aid of the enzyme, lactase, the substrate, lactose, is broken down into two products, glucose and galactose.