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Study of Malaria Parasite-Erythrocyte Cell Interactions Using Optical Tweezers (OT) (CAT#: STEM-MB-1332-WXH)

Introduction

Most cases of severe and fatal malaria in humans are caused by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. All the symptoms of the disease are caused by the blood stage of the parasite life cycle, which are initiated when P. falciparum merozoites recognize and invade human red blood cells. Erythrocyte invasion is essential for the development of malaria pathology and for parasite survival, and is therefore an attractive intervention target, whether by vaccines or small molecule inhibitors.




Principle

Optical tweezers (originally called single-beam gradient force trap) are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to hold and move microscopic and sub-microscopic objects like atoms, nanoparticles and droplets, in a manner similar to tweezers. If the object is held in air or vacuum without additional support, it can be called optical levitation.
The laser light provides an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the relative refractive index between particle and surrounding medium. Levitation is possible if the force of the light counters the force of gravity. The trapped particles are usually micron-sized, or even smaller. Dielectric and absorbing particles can be trapped, too.

Applications

• Optical tweezers are used in biology and medicine (for example to grab and hold a single bacterium, a cell like a sperm cell or a blood cell, or a molecule like DNA).
• Nanoengineering and nanochemistry (to study and build materials from single molecules).
• Quantum optics and quantum optomechanics (to study the interaction of single particles with light).

Procedure

1.Sample preparation
2.Force Calibration
3.Measurement
4.Analysis

Materials

Optical tweezers
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