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Thioredoxins (TRXs) belongs to a family of phylogenetically related oxidoreductases. TRXs in plant are involved in the control of plant metabolism, development, phytohormone pathways, and responses to abiotic and biotic stressors. Accumulated evidence endorses the prominent role of TRXs as a key component in regulation of plant immune signaling. TRX activity also plays a role in local and systemic immune signaling by the immune hormone SA.
Pathogen infection induces accumulation of ROS and RNS which are not only important in cell signaling, but also lead to undesired oxidative thiol modifications of antioxidant enzymes, such as monodehydroascorbate reductases (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductases (DHAR). A growing body of evidence now suggests that TRX enzymes may be involved in protecting antioxidant enzymes from oxidative damage or inhibition. In addition, TRXs can supply reducing power to reductases, which are involved in the degradation of lipid hydroperoxides or reparation of oxidized proteins, including peroxiredoxins, glutathione peroxidases, and methionine sulfoxide reductases.
Fig. 1 Signaling and protective functions of TRX enzymes in plant immunity.
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