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Influenza A and B are two influenza viruses that cause epidemics in humans. Currently circulating influenza B viruses are antigenically and genetically divided into two distinct groups: Victoria and Yamagata lineages. Influenza B viruses are a genus of the family Orthomyxoviridae. The limited host range means that influenza B virus pandemics are rare. Nucleoproteins protect negative-strand viral RNA from nucleases by encapsulating negative-strand viral RNA. The encapsulated genomic RNA is called ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and serves as a template for transcription and replication.