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When the macromolecules in the solution are irradiated by a beam of laser light, the charges in the molecules vibrate under the influence of the electric field of the light, resulting in scattered light. The scattered light intensity is proportional to the quadratic (E2) of the electric field intensity, and incoherent light is generated between free molecules, and the scattered light intensity is proportional to (E12+E22). While the molecular complexes bound together produce coherent light, the intensity of scattered light is proportional to (E1+E2)2. Based on this principle, free A/B molecules and bound AB complexes will produce different scattering signals. During laboratory detection, the intensity of scattered light at a fixed angle is proportional to the square of the molecular weight, concentration and specific refractive index increment (dn/dc) of the substance.