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Hoechst can bind to the minor groove in the DNA double strand, and is more inclined to the A/T-rich DNA strand, can pass through the cell membrane, and its fluorescence intensity in apoptotic cells is higher than that in normal cells, which means It is related to the enhanced membrane permeability of apoptotic cells, so more Hoechst dye enters apoptotic cells than normal cells.
Hoechst staining solution can be directly used not only for nuclear staining of fixed cells or tissues, but also for nuclear staining of living cells or tissues. In addition, Hoechst can also be combined with propidium iodide (PI) to double-stain the cells, which can be photographed by fluorescence microscope or detected by flow cytometry to distinguish apoptotic, necrotic and normal cells.