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Measurements in Mature and Newly Formed Bone Tissue by Brillouin Scattering (CAT#: STEM-ST-0088-YJL)

Introduction

Pure titanium and its alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) are widely used materials for different implant applications, such as dental implants and cementless hip prosthesis. When titanium is exposed to oxygen, an oxidized layer covers the metal surface, inhibiting the deposition of fibrous tissue, thus creating a direct contact between the implant and newly formed bone tissue at the micrometer scale.
Changes in bone material properties and microstructure around the rough bone-implant interface _x005fbone tissue located at approximately 100–200μm from the implant surface are determinant for the quality of osseointegration. In particular, substantial gaps may exist between bone and the implant, due to inevitable geometrical misfit between bone cavity realized by the surgeon and the implant geometry. Such gaps may lead to intolerable relative bone-implant micromotions and compromise the implant primary stability, which may therefore affect the clinical outcome of the surgery. A better understanding and characterization of the microscopic biomechanical properties of newly formed bone tissue may lead to more accurate prediction of implant osseointegration.




Principle

From a quantum point of view, Brillouin scattering is an interaction of light photons with acoustic or vibrational quanta (phonons), with magnetic spin waves (magnons), or with other low frequency quasiparticles interacting with light. The interaction consists of an inelastic scattering process in which a phonon or magnon is either created (Stokes process) or annihilated (anti-Stokes process). The energy of the scattered light is slightly changed, that is decreased for a Stokes process and increased for an anti-Stokes process. This shift, known as the Brillouin shift, is equal to the energy of the interacting phonon and magnon and thus Brillouin scattering can be used to measure phonon and magnon energies.

Applications

Brillouin scattering is used to determine acoustic velocities and elastic properties of a number of crystalline solids, glasses, and liquids.

Procedure

1. Sample preparation
2. Measurement by scattering detection instrument
3. Data analysis

Materials

Brillouin scattering measurement system (Brillouin spectrometer)
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