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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common encapsulated, gram-negative, aerobic–facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. A species of considerable medical importance, P. aeruginosa is a multidrug resistant pathogen recognized for its ubiquity, its intrinsically advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and its association with serious illnesses – hospital-acquired infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and various sepsis syndromes.
Aeruginosa can survive anaerobically for several weeks by pyruvate fermentation in the absence of nitrate, nitrite, or arginine. Pyruvate fermentation allows survival but not growth of P. aeruginosa cells during severe anaerobic energy starvation conditions.