The Recombinant Human CD4/LEU3 (hFc Tag) manufactured by Yisheng is suitable for studying CD4-mediated T-cell activation and immune responses in cell therapy.
CD4, also known as L3T4, T4, and W3/25, is an approximately 55 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed predominantly on thymocytes and a subset of mature T lymphocytes. It is a standard phenotype marker for the identification of T cell populations. Mature human CD4 consists of a 371 aa extracellular region containing four immunoglobulin-like domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 40 aa cytoplasmic domain. Within the extracellular domain (ECD), human CD4 shares approximately 52% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat CD4. CD4 is expressed along with CD8 on double positive T cells during their development in the thymus. Either CD4 or CD8 expression is then lost, giving rise to single positive (SP) CD4+ or CD8+ mature T cells. CD4+ SP cells, also known as T helper cells, further differentiate into multiple subsets of CD4+ cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg cells, which regulate humoral and cellular immunity. CD4 is reexpressed on circulating CD8+ T cells upon activation and contributes to their cytotoxic effector activity. In humans, CD4 is additionally expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, and neurons and glial cells in the brain. Similar CD4 distribution between species cannot be assumed, as demonstrated by its presence on macrophages in humans and rats but not in mice. CD4 binds directly to MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, contributing to the formation of the immunological synapse focused around the TCR-MHC class II-antigenic peptide interaction.