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Similarly to photons in photonic crystals, the spectrum of spin excitations in materials with periodically modulated properties shows bands of allowed magnonic states, alternating with forbidden band gaps. This constitutes a new class of artificial crystals, now known as magnonic crystals (MCs), in which collective spin excitations rather than light are used to transmit and process information. Since the wavelengths of these excitations are shorter than those of light in the gigahertz range, MCs offer better prospects for miniaturization at these frequencies with the advantage that frequency position and width of the band gap are tunable by the applied magnetic field. A MC can be formed starting from uncoupled resonators and making them coupled by some interaction, such as dipolar or exchange magnetic coupling.