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Many proteins are subject to mechanical stretching, and an increasing body of evidence has shown that many of these force-bearing proteins play crucial roles in regulating various processes involved in tissue development and maintenance. It is now known that the functions of these force-bearing proteins critically depend on their conformational changes in response to force, which in turn affects their interactions with binding partners. For example, it has been shown
that force applied to talin and α-catenin can cause unfolding of the domains inside these molecules, exposing vinculin binding sites for high-affinity