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The Determination of Raloxifene Using Gold Nanoparticle as a Probe by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering (CAT#: STEM-ST-0059-YJL)

Introduction

Gold nanoparticles are paid much attention in the field of science and technology and their applications in analytical chemistry have aroused many analysts' interest. The chemical modified gold nanoparticles used as probes or biochemical sensors have been increasingly applied to spectral analysis, immunoassay and electrochemical analysis. They can be used to the detection of DNA hybridisation, the determination of trace DNA and the immunoassay of proteins and they can be used for the determination of trace metal ions.
Raloxifene hydrochloride (Abbr. Ralo) is a 3-aroyl-2arylbenzo[b] thiophene derivative with triarylethylene nonstereoidal structure. Ralo belongs to selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). At present, it has been applied to the prevention of osteoporosis, the prevention of breast cancer, the inhibition of the growth of uterine leiomyomas and the therapy of cardiovascular disease, etc.




Principle

Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) is similar to Rayleigh scattering in nature. Resonance Rayleigh scattering is a special elastic scattering produced when the wavelength of Rayleigh scattering (RS) is located at or close to its molecular absorption band. The key to generating RRS is: when the scattering is at or close to the absorption band of the scattering molecule, since the electron absorbs the electromagnetic wave at the same frequency as the scattering frequency, the electron strongly absorbs the photon energy due to resonance and re-scatters. Its scattering intensity is several orders of magnitude higher than that of pure Rayleigh scattering, and it no longer obeys the Rayleigh law of I∝λ-4. This absorption-rescattering process is called resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS).

Applications

Resonance Rayleigh scattering is used to the study of aggregation of chromophores on biological macromolecules and the determination of biological macromolecules such as nucleic acid, proteins and heparin, further, it has been used in the determination of trace amounts of inorganic ions and the cationic surfactant by means of ion association reactions with some dyes. In addition, it has been applied to the study of nanoparticles in liquid and the determination of β-cyclodextrin inclusion constant and the critical micelle concentration of surfactant.

Procedure

1. Sample preparation
2. Measurement by scattering detection instrument
3. Data analysis

Materials

Rayleigh scattering measurement system
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