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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a homolog of the carboxypeptidase ACE, which generates angiotensin II, the major active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Following the cloning of ACE2 in 2000, three main ACE2 functions have been described so far.
ACE2 is a potent negative regulator of RAS that balances multiple functions of ACE. By targeting angiotensin II, ACE2 has shown protective effects in the cardiovascular system and many other organs.
ACE2 was identified as the major binding receptor of the SARS-causing coronavirus, and downregulation of ACE2 in SARS played an important role in the pathogenesis of severe lung failure after viral infection.
Both ACE2 and its homologue Collectrin bind to amino acid transporters and play an important role in the absorption of amino acids in the kidney and intestine.