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A clonogenic assay, also known as a colony formation assay is an in vitro cell survival assay. It assesses the ability of single cells to survive and reproduce to form colonies.
When a single cell proliferates for more than 6 generations in vitro, the cell population composed of its progeny becomes a colony or clone. The cells forming clones must be adherent and proliferative cells. The cell clone formation rate is the cell inoculation survival rate, indicating the number of adherent cells that survive and form clones after inoculation of cells. Clonality rate reflects two important traits of cell population dependence and proliferation ability.
Colony formation is divided into two types based on the culture medium used: plate cloning and soft agar cloning. The former should be applied to adherent cells and the latter to suspended cells.