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Piperazine ring is of critical importance as a scaffold in one or more of the major drug classes and is the key pharmacophoric element in design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel therapeutic agents. Piperazine containing molecules are known to possess various biological activities. They have been reported as antivirals for effectively inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and human rhinovirus (HRV-3) infection. They show in vitro inhibitory activity on human platelet aggregation and as antifilarial agents with macrofilaricidal, microfilaricidal, female-sterilizing and larvicidal efficacy. They are also identified as serotonergic agents and melatonergic MT2 selective agents. Further, piperazine containing compounds are also known as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipsychotic, antidepressant, antifungal, antihypertensive and hypnotic. Piperazine is also a starting substrate for further molecular exploration to design and synthesize new compounds with wide biological activities.