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Interleukin 32, also known as natural killer factor 4, is a class of cytokines containing multiple splice variants, which is closely related to many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. IL-32 is mainly produced by natural killer cells, T cells, epithelial cells, and monocytes in the surrounding blood. Interferon (IFN) -γ can strongly induce the production of IL-32 in epithelial cells and monocytes. There are many splicing variants of IL-32. Its main biological characteristics include the induction of inflammatory cytokines, the promotion of inflammatory mediator release, and the regulation of the normal function of natural killer cells. Studies have shown that IL-32 exhibits the characteristics of pro-inflammatory factors, can promote the secretion of multiple inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and has a cascade amplification effect. In addition, IL-32 is closely related to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn disease, tuberculosis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and the expression of IL-32 is also related to the rate of red blood cell sedimentation.