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The sciatic nerve originates from the lumbosacral plexus of the spinal cord and divides into the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve, which mainly innervate the motor and sensory functions of the lower extremities.
The most common cause of sciatic nerve injury is an injection injury in the buttock or back of the thigh, but it can also result from a posterior hip dislocation, a pelvic fracture, a stab wound to the buttock or back of the thigh, and surgery for gluteal muscle contracture. After the injury, the patient may experience symptoms such as paralysis of all muscles in the back of the thigh and calf, inability to bend the knee joint, inability to move the ankle and toe joints, loss of sensation in the posterolateral side of the calf and the foot, and requires active treatment.