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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are widely used both in the industry and in biomedical applications for their chemical and physical nanomaterial properties. It is therefore essential to go in depth into the cytotoxicity mechanisms and interactions between nanomaterials and cells. The most common use of ZnO nanoparticles is in sunscreen. They are used because they effectively absorb ultraviolet light, but possess a large enough bandgap to be completely transparent to visible light. They are also being investigated to kill harmful microorganisms in packaging, and in UV-protective materials such as textiles. Many companies do not label products that contain nanoparticles, making it difficult to make statements about production and pervasiveness in consumer products.