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The detection of autophagy can generally be divided into the following categories:
1) Direct detection, that is, electron microscope observation of autophagosome morphology;
2) Indirect detection, that is, detection of autophagosome surface protein markers, such as Western blot, qRT-PCR and other methods to detect the expression level of LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ, GFP-LC3 fusion protein to trace autophagy formation, mRFP-GFP-LC3 double-labeled protein to indicate tracking, etc.;
3) Some methods designed based on the principle of autophagic degradation, such as fluorescent or probe labeling of mitochondria and lysosomes, detection of mitochondrial membrane potential, detection of cellular reactive oxygen species, and fluorescent labeling of autophagosomes by monodansylcadavrine (MDC) Wait;
4) Comprehensively evaluate the influence of autophagy function on cell behavior or body function through the regulation of autophagy pathway, such as autophagy inhibitors or activators, knockout and silencing of autophagy-related genes, etc.