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Bisulfite conversion combined with next-generation sequencing technology is currently the most accurate DNA methylation detection method, which can detect the methylation status at the single base level, and is known as the "gold standard" for DNA methylation detection.
Treatment of DNA with bisulfite (Bisulfite) converts cytosine residues (C) to uracil (U), but 5-methylcytosine residues (5mC) are resistant to it and do not undergo conversion . Therefore, DNA treated with bisulfite retains only methylated cytosines. Through the above principles, sulfite conversion, library construction and high-throughput sequencing are performed on genomic DNA, and the status of genome-wide methylation modification can be detected at single-base resolution by analyzing the C-T conversion in sequencing reads.