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Monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1), also known as monoctye chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), is a member of the C-C subfamily (subfamily β). MCP-1/MCAF was initially identified from human myeloid monocyte line THP-1, glioma cell lines, and LPS or PHA-stimulated human PBMC culture supernatants. It is now known that monocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, B cells, and smooth muscle cells can be induced to secrete MCP-1 upon stimulation with PHA, LPS, Poly I-C, IL-1, IFN-γ, PDGF, EGF, or certain viruses.